#' \item{All ~55,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses}
#' \item{All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different species, of which most are not microbial. Including everything tremendously slows down our algortihms, and not all fungi fit the scope of this package. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant species are covered (like genera \emph{Aspergillus}, \emph{Candida}, \emph{Pneumocystis}, \emph{Saccharomyces} and \emph{Trichophyton}).}
#' \item{All ~15,000 previously accepted names of inckuded (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed}
#' \item{All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package and including everything would tremendously slow down our algorithms too. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant (sub)species are covered (like all species of \emph{Aspergillus}, \emph{Candida}, \emph{Pneumocystis}, \emph{Saccharomyces} and \emph{Trichophyton}).}
#' \item{All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed}
#' \item{The complete taxonomic tree of all included (sub)species: from kingdom to subspecies}
#' \item{The responsible author(s) and year of scientific publication}
<p>In the table above, all measurements are shown in milliseconds (thousands of seconds). A value of 10 milliseconds means it can determine 100 input values per second. It case of 50 milliseconds, this is only 20 input values per second. The more an input value resembles a full name, the faster the result will be found. In case of <code><ahref="../reference/as.mo.html">as.mo("B_STPHY_AUR")</a></code>, the input is already a valid MO code, so it only almost takes no time at all (284 millionths of seconds).</p>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb2-12"title="12"><spanclass="co">#> expr min lq mean median uq max</span></a>
<p>In the table above, all measurements are shown in milliseconds (thousands of seconds). A value of 10 milliseconds means it can determine 100 input values per second. It case of 50 milliseconds, this is only 20 input values per second. The more an input value resembles a full name, the faster the result will be found. In case of <code><ahref="../reference/as.mo.html">as.mo("B_STPHY_AUR")</a></code>, the input is already a valid MO code, so it only almost takes no time at all (267 millionths of seconds).</p>
<p>To achieve this speed, the <code>as.mo</code> function also takes into account the prevalence of human pathogenic microorganisms. The downside is of course that less prevalent microorganisms will be determined less fast. See this example for the ID of <em>Mycoplasma leonicaptivi</em> (<code>B_MYCPL_LEO</code>), a bug probably never found before in humans:</p>
<p>That takes 6 times as much time on average! A value of 100 milliseconds means it can only determine ~10 different input values per second. We can conclude that looking up arbitrary codes of less prevalent microorganisms is the worst way to go, in terms of calculation performance:</p>
<divclass="sourceCode"id="cb4"><preclass="sourceCode r"><codeclass="sourceCode r"><aclass="sourceLine"id="cb4-1"title="1"><spanclass="kw"><ahref="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/graphics/topics/par">par</a></span>(<spanclass="dt">mar =</span><spanclass="kw"><ahref="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/c">c</a></span>(<spanclass="dv">5</span>, <spanclass="dv">16</span>, <spanclass="dv">4</span>, <spanclass="dv">2</span>)) <spanclass="co"># set more space for left margin text (16)</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb7-7"title="7"><spanclass="co">#> expr minlq mean medianuq max neval</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb7-8"title="8"><spanclass="co">#> A 39.603291 39.713640 39.950479 39.8150500 40.172707 40.664181 10</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb7-9"title="9"><spanclass="co">#> B 19.570436 19.623515 19.964292 19.9376620 20.228830 20.609744 10</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb7-10"title="10"><spanclass="co">#> C 0.251429 0.333144 0.389883 0.3866775 0.499087 0.510401 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb7-7"title="7"><spanclass="co">#> expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb7-8"title="8"><spanclass="co">#> A 38.600 38.700 39.40 39.100 39.400 42.900 10</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb7-9"title="9"><spanclass="co">#> B 19.600 19.800 20.00 19.900 20.000 20.700 10</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb7-10"title="10"><spanclass="co">#> C 0.255 0.261 0.37 0.386 0.499 0.505 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>So going from <code><ahref="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_fullname("Staphylococcus aureus")</a></code> to <code>"Staphylococcus aureus"</code> takes 0.0004 seconds - it doesn’t even start calculating <em>if the result would be the same as the expected resulting value</em>. That goes for all helper functions:</p>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb8-12"title="12"><spanclass="co">#> expr minlq mean medianuq max neval</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb8-13"title="13"><spanclass="co">#> A 0.298084 0.370509 0.4040816 0.4065820 0.449569 0.475480 10</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb8-14"title="14"><spanclass="co">#> B 0.293753 0.306115 0.3352809 0.3212705 0.370160 0.386154 10</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb8-15"title="15"><spanclass="co">#> C 0.307652 0.353328 0.4106327 0.3943595 0.467239 0.548255 10</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb8-16"title="16"><spanclass="co">#> D 0.244376 0.262954 0.2987189 0.3027975 0.338102 0.353747 10</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb8-17"title="17"><spanclass="co">#> E 0.249614 0.255550 0.2985027 0.2772710 0.351931 0.397049 10</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb8-18"title="18"><spanclass="co">#> F 0.259531 0.282439 0.3248814 0.3193850 0.345575 0.415906 10</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb8-19"title="19"><spanclass="co">#> G 0.249055 0.266516 0.3293723 0.3020295 0.344528 0.616350 10</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb8-20"title="20"><spanclass="co">#> H 0.242141 0.288515 0.3122614 0.3152295 0.339779 0.355773 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb8-12"title="12"><spanclass="co">#> expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb8-13"title="13"><spanclass="co">#> A 0.282 0.311 0.372 0.359 0.437 0.513 10</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb8-14"title="14"><spanclass="co">#> B 0.285 0.316 0.355 0.363 0.382 0.443 10</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb8-15"title="15"><spanclass="co">#> C 0.258 0.408 0.439 0.430 0.504 0.565 10</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb8-16"title="16"><spanclass="co">#> D 0.268 0.304 0.322 0.321 0.360 0.366 10</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb8-17"title="17"><spanclass="co">#> E 0.259 0.273 0.312 0.295 0.357 0.391 10</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb8-18"title="18"><spanclass="co">#> F 0.250 0.275 0.327 0.294 0.343 0.614 10</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb8-19"title="19"><spanclass="co">#> G 0.254 0.281 0.312 0.320 0.338 0.369 10</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb8-20"title="20"><spanclass="co">#> H 0.257 0.265 0.311 0.316 0.329 0.397 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>Of course, when running <code><ahref="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_phylum("Firmicutes")</a></code> the function has zero knowledge about the actual microorganism, namely <em>S. aureus</em>. But since the result would be <code>"Firmicutes"</code> too, there is no point in calculating the result. And because this package ‘knows’ all phyla of all known bacteria (according to the Catalogue of Life), it can just return the initial value immediately.</p>
<divclass="sourceCode"id="cb9"><preclass="sourceCode r"><codeclass="sourceCode r"><aclass="sourceLine"id="cb9-1"title="1"><spanclass="kw"><ahref="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_fullname</a></span>(<spanclass="st">"CoNS"</span>, <spanclass="dt">language =</span><spanclass="st">"en"</span>) <spanclass="co"># or just mo_fullname("CoNS") on an English system</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb9-4"title="4"><spanclass="kw"><ahref="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_fullname</a></span>(<spanclass="st">"CoNS"</span>, <spanclass="dt">language =</span><spanclass="st">"fr"</span>) <spanclass="co"># or just mo_fullname("CoNS") on a French system</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb9-5"title="5"><spanclass="co">#> [1] "Staphylococcus à coagulase négative (CoNS)"</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb9-4"title="4"><spanclass="kw"><ahref="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_fullname</a></span>(<spanclass="st">"CoNS"</span>, <spanclass="dt">language =</span><spanclass="st">"es"</span>) <spanclass="co"># or just mo_fullname("CoNS") on a Spanish system</span></a>
<aclass="sourceLine"id="cb9-7"title="7"><spanclass="kw"><ahref="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_fullname</a></span>(<spanclass="st">"CoNS"</span>, <spanclass="dt">language =</span><spanclass="st">"nl"</span>) <spanclass="co"># or just mo_fullname("CoNS") on a Dutch system</span></a>
<p>We created this package for both academic research and routine analysis at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, and the Medical Microbiology & Infection Prevention (MMBI) department of the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG). This R package is actively maintained and is free software; you can freely use and distribute it for both personal and commercial (but <strong>not</strong> patent) purposes under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GPL-2), as published by the Free Software Foundation. Read the full license <ahref="./LICENSE-text.html">here</a>.</p>
<p>This package can be used for:</p>
<ul>
<li>Reference for microorganisms, since it contains allmost all 60,000 microbial species of the Catalogue of Life</li>
<li>Reference for microorganisms, since it contains almost all 60,000 microbial (sub)species from the <ahref="http://www.catalogueoflife.org">Catalogue of Life</a>
</li>
<li>Calculating antimicrobial resistance</li>
<li>Calculating empirical susceptibility of both mono therapy and combination therapy</li>
<li>Predicting future antimicrobial resistance using regression models</li>
@ -249,6 +250,7 @@
<p>This package is available <ahref="https://cran.r-project.org/package=AMR">on the official R network (CRAN)</a>, which has a peer-reviewed submission process. Install this package in R with:</p>
<p>It will be downloaded and installed automatically. For RStudio, click on the menu <em>Tools</em>><em>Install Packages…</em> and then type in “AMR” and press <kbd>Install</kbd>.</p>
<p><em>Note:</em> Not all functions on this website may be available in this latest release. To use all functions and data sets mentioned on this website, install the latest development version.</p>
<p>This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (<ahref="http://www.catalogueoflife.org">www.catalogueoflife.org</a>).</p>
<p>Included are:</p>
<ul>
<li>All ~55,000 species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses</li>
<li>All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different species, of which most are not microbial. Including everything tremendously slows down our algortihms, and not all fungi fit the scope of this package. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant species are covered (like genera <em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Candida</em>, <em>Pneumocystis</em>, <em>Saccharomyces</em> and <em>Trichophyton</em>).</li>
<li>All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included species that have been taxonomically renamed</li>
<li>The responsible author(s) and year of scientific publication</li>
<li><p>All ~55,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses</p></li>
<li>
<p>All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales.</p>
<p>The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package and including everything would tremendously slow down our algorithms too. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant (sub)species are covered (like all species of <em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Candida</em>, <em>Pneumocystis</em>, <em>Saccharomyces</em> and <em>Trichophyton</em>).</p>
</li>
<li><p>All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed</p></li>
<li><p>The responsible author(s) and year of scientific publication</p></li>
</ul>
<p>This data is updated annually - check the included version with <code><ahref="reference/catalogue_of_life_version.html">catalogue_of_life_version()</a></code>.</p>
<p><strong>About</strong></p>
<p>The Catalogue of Life (<ahref="http://www.catalogueoflife.org">www.catalogueoflife.org</a>) is the most comprehensive and authoritative global index of species currently available. It holds essential information on the names, relationships and distributions of over 1.6 million species. The Catalogue of Life is used to support the major biodiversity and conservation information services such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Encyclopedia of Life (EoL) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. It is recognised by the Convention on Biological Diversity as a significant component of the Global Taxonomy Initiative and a contribution to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation.</p>
<p><strong>About the Catalogue of Life</strong></p>
<p>The <ahref="http://www.catalogueoflife.org">Catalogue of Life</a> is the most comprehensive and authoritative global index of species currently available. It holds essential information on the names, relationships and distributions of over 1.6 million species. The Catalogue of Life is used to support the major biodiversity and conservation information services such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Encyclopedia of Life (EoL) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. It is recognised by the Convention on Biological Diversity as a significant component of the Global Taxonomy Initiative and a contribution to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation.</p>
<p>Read more about the data from the Catalogue of Life <ahref="./reference/catalogue_of_life.html">in our manual</a>.</p>
@ -344,8 +344,8 @@ When using <code>allow_uncertain = TRUE</code> (which is the default setting), i
This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (<ahref='http://www.catalogueoflife.org'>http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a>). This data is updated annually - check the included version with <code><ahref='catalogue_of_life_version.html'>catalogue_of_life_version</a></code>.</p>
<p>Included are:</p><ul>
<li><p>All ~55,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses</p></li>
<li><p>All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different species, of which most are not microbial. Including everything tremendously slows down our algortihms, and not all fungi fit the scope of this package. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant species are covered (like genera<em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Candida</em>, <em>Pneumocystis</em>, <em>Saccharomyces</em> and <em>Trichophyton</em>).</p></li>
<li><p>All ~15,000 previously accepted names of inckuded (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed</p></li>
<li><p>All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package and including everything would tremendously slow down our algorithms too. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant (sub)species are covered (like all species of<em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Candida</em>, <em>Pneumocystis</em>, <em>Saccharomyces</em> and <em>Trichophyton</em>).</p></li>
<li><p>All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed</p></li>
<li><p>The complete taxonomic tree of all included (sub)species: from kingdom to subspecies</p></li>
<li><p>The responsible author(s) and year of scientific publication</p></li>
This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (<ahref='http://www.catalogueoflife.org'>http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a>). This data is updated annually - check the included version with <code><ahref='catalogue_of_life_version.html'>catalogue_of_life_version</a></code>.</p>
<p>Included are:</p><ul>
<li><p>All ~55,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses</p></li>
<li><p>All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different species, of which most are not microbial. Including everything tremendously slows down our algortihms, and not all fungi fit the scope of this package. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant species are covered (like genera<em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Candida</em>, <em>Pneumocystis</em>, <em>Saccharomyces</em> and <em>Trichophyton</em>).</p></li>
<li><p>All ~15,000 previously accepted names of inckuded (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed</p></li>
<li><p>All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package and including everything would tremendously slow down our algorithms too. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant (sub)species are covered (like all species of<em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Candida</em>, <em>Pneumocystis</em>, <em>Saccharomyces</em> and <em>Trichophyton</em>).</p></li>
<li><p>All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed</p></li>
<li><p>The complete taxonomic tree of all included (sub)species: from kingdom to subspecies</p></li>
<li><p>The responsible author(s) and year of scientific publication</p></li>
This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (<ahref='http://www.catalogueoflife.org'>http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a>). This data is updated annually - check the included version with <code>catalogue_of_life_version</code>.</p>
<p>Included are:</p><ul>
<li><p>All ~55,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses</p></li>
<li><p>All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different species, of which most are not microbial. Including everything tremendously slows down our algortihms, and not all fungi fit the scope of this package. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant species are covered (like genera<em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Candida</em>, <em>Pneumocystis</em>, <em>Saccharomyces</em> and <em>Trichophyton</em>).</p></li>
<li><p>All ~15,000 previously accepted names of inckuded (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed</p></li>
<li><p>All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package and including everything would tremendously slow down our algorithms too. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant (sub)species are covered (like all species of<em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Candida</em>, <em>Pneumocystis</em>, <em>Saccharomyces</em> and <em>Trichophyton</em>).</p></li>
<li><p>All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed</p></li>
<li><p>The complete taxonomic tree of all included (sub)species: from kingdom to subspecies</p></li>
<li><p>The responsible author(s) and year of scientific publication</p></li>
This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (<ahref='http://www.catalogueoflife.org'>http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a>). This data is updated annually - check the included version with <code><ahref='catalogue_of_life_version.html'>catalogue_of_life_version</a></code>.</p>
<p>Included are:</p><ul>
<li><p>All ~55,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses</p></li>
<li><p>All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different species, of which most are not microbial. Including everything tremendously slows down our algortihms, and not all fungi fit the scope of this package. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant species are covered (like genera<em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Candida</em>, <em>Pneumocystis</em>, <em>Saccharomyces</em> and <em>Trichophyton</em>).</p></li>
<li><p>All ~15,000 previously accepted names of inckuded (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed</p></li>
<li><p>All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package and including everything would tremendously slow down our algorithms too. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant (sub)species are covered (like all species of<em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Candida</em>, <em>Pneumocystis</em>, <em>Saccharomyces</em> and <em>Trichophyton</em>).</p></li>
<li><p>All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed</p></li>
<li><p>The complete taxonomic tree of all included (sub)species: from kingdom to subspecies</p></li>
<li><p>The responsible author(s) and year of scientific publication</p></li>
This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (<ahref='http://www.catalogueoflife.org'>http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a>). This data is updated annually - check the included version with <code><ahref='catalogue_of_life_version.html'>catalogue_of_life_version</a></code>.</p>
<p>Included are:</p><ul>
<li><p>All ~55,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses</p></li>
<li><p>All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different species, of which most are not microbial. Including everything tremendously slows down our algortihms, and not all fungi fit the scope of this package. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant species are covered (like genera<em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Candida</em>, <em>Pneumocystis</em>, <em>Saccharomyces</em> and <em>Trichophyton</em>).</p></li>
<li><p>All ~15,000 previously accepted names of inckuded (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed</p></li>
<li><p>All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package and including everything would tremendously slow down our algorithms too. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant (sub)species are covered (like all species of<em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Candida</em>, <em>Pneumocystis</em>, <em>Saccharomyces</em> and <em>Trichophyton</em>).</p></li>
<li><p>All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed</p></li>
<li><p>The complete taxonomic tree of all included (sub)species: from kingdom to subspecies</p></li>
<li><p>The responsible author(s) and year of scientific publication</p></li>
This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (<ahref='http://www.catalogueoflife.org'>http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a>). This data is updated annually - check the included version with <code><ahref='catalogue_of_life_version.html'>catalogue_of_life_version</a></code>.</p>
<p>Included are:</p><ul>
<li><p>All ~55,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses</p></li>
<li><p>All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different species, of which most are not microbial. Including everything tremendously slows down our algortihms, and not all fungi fit the scope of this package. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant species are covered (like genera<em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Candida</em>, <em>Pneumocystis</em>, <em>Saccharomyces</em> and <em>Trichophyton</em>).</p></li>
<li><p>All ~15,000 previously accepted names of inckuded (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed</p></li>
<li><p>All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package and including everything would tremendously slow down our algorithms too. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant (sub)species are covered (like all species of<em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Candida</em>, <em>Pneumocystis</em>, <em>Saccharomyces</em> and <em>Trichophyton</em>).</p></li>
<li><p>All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed</p></li>
<li><p>The complete taxonomic tree of all included (sub)species: from kingdom to subspecies</p></li>
<li><p>The responsible author(s) and year of scientific publication</p></li>
This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (<ahref='http://www.catalogueoflife.org'>http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a>). This data is updated annually - check the included version with <code><ahref='catalogue_of_life_version.html'>catalogue_of_life_version</a></code>.</p>
<p>Included are:</p><ul>
<li><p>All ~55,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses</p></li>
<li><p>All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different species, of which most are not microbial. Including everything tremendously slows down our algortihms, and not all fungi fit the scope of this package. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant species are covered (like genera<em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Candida</em>, <em>Pneumocystis</em>, <em>Saccharomyces</em> and <em>Trichophyton</em>).</p></li>
<li><p>All ~15,000 previously accepted names of inckuded (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed</p></li>
<li><p>All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package and including everything would tremendously slow down our algorithms too. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant (sub)species are covered (like all species of<em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Candida</em>, <em>Pneumocystis</em>, <em>Saccharomyces</em> and <em>Trichophyton</em>).</p></li>
<li><p>All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed</p></li>
<li><p>The complete taxonomic tree of all included (sub)species: from kingdom to subspecies</p></li>
<li><p>The responsible author(s) and year of scientific publication</p></li>
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ This R package is actively maintained and is free software; you can freely use a
This package can be used for:
* Reference for microorganisms, since it contains allmost all 60,000 microbial species of the Catalogue of Life
* Reference for microorganisms, since it contains almost all 60,000 microbial (sub)species from the [Catalogue of Life](http://www.catalogueoflife.org)
* Calculating antimicrobial resistance
* Calculating empirical susceptibility of both mono therapy and combination therapy
* Predicting future antimicrobial resistance using regression models
@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ install.packages("AMR")
It will be downloaded and installed automatically. For RStudio, click on the menu *Tools* > *Install Packages...* and then type in "AMR" and press <kbd>Install</kbd>.
*Note:* Not all functions on this website may be available in this latest release. To use all functions and data sets mentioned on this website, install the latest development version.
#### Latest development version
The latest and unpublished development version can be installed with (**precaution: may be unstable**):
@ -88,17 +90,21 @@ This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms f
Included are:
* All ~55,000 species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses
* All ~55,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses
* All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales.
The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different species, of which most are not microbial. Including everything tremendously slows down our algortihms, and not all fungi fit the scope of this package. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant species are covered (like genera *Aspergillus*, *Candida*, *Pneumocystis*, *Saccharomyces* and *Trichophyton*).
* All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included species that have been taxonomically renamed
The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package and including everything would tremendously slow down our algorithms too. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant (sub)species are covered (like all species of *Aspergillus*, *Candida*, *Pneumocystis*, *Saccharomyces* and *Trichophyton*).
* All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed
* The responsible author(s) and year of scientific publication
This data is updated annually - check the included version with `catalogue_of_life_version()`.
**About**
**About the Catalogue of Life**
The Catalogue of Life ([www.catalogueoflife.org](http://www.catalogueoflife.org)) is the most comprehensive and authoritative global index of species currently available. It holds essential information on the names, relationships and distributions of over 1.6 million species. The Catalogue of Life is used to support the major biodiversity and conservation information services such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Encyclopedia of Life (EoL) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. It is recognised by the Convention on Biological Diversity as a significant component of the Global Taxonomy Initiative and a contribution to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation.
The [Catalogue of Life](http://www.catalogueoflife.org) is the most comprehensive and authoritative global index of species currently available. It holds essential information on the names, relationships and distributions of over 1.6 million species. The Catalogue of Life is used to support the major biodiversity and conservation information services such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Encyclopedia of Life (EoL) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. It is recognised by the Convention on Biological Diversity as a significant component of the Global Taxonomy Initiative and a contribution to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation.
Read more about the data from the Catalogue of Life [in our manual](./reference/catalogue_of_life.html).
@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms f
Included are:
\itemize{
\item{All ~55,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses}
\item{All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different species, of which most are not microbial. Including everything tremendously slows down our algortihms, and not all fungi fit the scope of this package. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant species are covered (like genera \emph{Aspergillus}, \emph{Candida}, \emph{Pneumocystis}, \emph{Saccharomyces} and \emph{Trichophyton}).}
\item{All ~15,000 previously accepted names of inckuded (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed}
\item{All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package and including everything would tremendously slow down our algorithms too. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant (sub)species are covered (like all species of \emph{Aspergillus}, \emph{Candida}, \emph{Pneumocystis}, \emph{Saccharomyces} and \emph{Trichophyton}).}
\item{All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed}
\item{The complete taxonomic tree of all included (sub)species: from kingdom to subspecies}
\item{The responsible author(s) and year of scientific publication}
@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms f
Included are:
\itemize{
\item{All ~55,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses}
\item{All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different species, of which most are not microbial. Including everything tremendously slows down our algortihms, and not all fungi fit the scope of this package. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant species are covered (like genera \emph{Aspergillus}, \emph{Candida}, \emph{Pneumocystis}, \emph{Saccharomyces} and \emph{Trichophyton}).}
\item{All ~15,000 previously accepted names of inckuded (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed}
\item{All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package and including everything would tremendously slow down our algorithms too. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant (sub)species are covered (like all species of \emph{Aspergillus}, \emph{Candida}, \emph{Pneumocystis}, \emph{Saccharomyces} and \emph{Trichophyton}).}
\item{All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed}
\item{The complete taxonomic tree of all included (sub)species: from kingdom to subspecies}
\item{The responsible author(s) and year of scientific publication}
@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms f
Included are:
\itemize{
\item{All ~55,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses}
\item{All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different species, of which most are not microbial. Including everything tremendously slows down our algortihms, and not all fungi fit the scope of this package. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant species are covered (like genera \emph{Aspergillus}, \emph{Candida}, \emph{Pneumocystis}, \emph{Saccharomyces} and \emph{Trichophyton}).}
\item{All ~15,000 previously accepted names of inckuded (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed}
\item{All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package and including everything would tremendously slow down our algorithms too. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant (sub)species are covered (like all species of \emph{Aspergillus}, \emph{Candida}, \emph{Pneumocystis}, \emph{Saccharomyces} and \emph{Trichophyton}).}
\item{All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed}
\item{The complete taxonomic tree of all included (sub)species: from kingdom to subspecies}
\item{The responsible author(s) and year of scientific publication}
@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms f
Included are:
\itemize{
\item{All ~55,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses}
\item{All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different species, of which most are not microbial. Including everything tremendously slows down our algortihms, and not all fungi fit the scope of this package. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant species are covered (like genera \emph{Aspergillus}, \emph{Candida}, \emph{Pneumocystis}, \emph{Saccharomyces} and \emph{Trichophyton}).}
\item{All ~15,000 previously accepted names of inckuded (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed}
\item{All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package and including everything would tremendously slow down our algorithms too. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant (sub)species are covered (like all species of \emph{Aspergillus}, \emph{Candida}, \emph{Pneumocystis}, \emph{Saccharomyces} and \emph{Trichophyton}).}
\item{All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed}
\item{The complete taxonomic tree of all included (sub)species: from kingdom to subspecies}
\item{The responsible author(s) and year of scientific publication}
@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms f
Included are:
\itemize{
\item{All ~55,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses}
\item{All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different species, of which most are not microbial. Including everything tremendously slows down our algortihms, and not all fungi fit the scope of this package. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant species are covered (like genera \emph{Aspergillus}, \emph{Candida}, \emph{Pneumocystis}, \emph{Saccharomyces} and \emph{Trichophyton}).}
\item{All ~15,000 previously accepted names of inckuded (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed}
\item{All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package and including everything would tremendously slow down our algorithms too. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant (sub)species are covered (like all species of \emph{Aspergillus}, \emph{Candida}, \emph{Pneumocystis}, \emph{Saccharomyces} and \emph{Trichophyton}).}
\item{All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed}
\item{The complete taxonomic tree of all included (sub)species: from kingdom to subspecies}
\item{The responsible author(s) and year of scientific publication}
@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms f
Included are:
\itemize{
\item{All ~55,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses}
\item{All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different species, of which most are not microbial. Including everything tremendously slows down our algortihms, and not all fungi fit the scope of this package. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant species are covered (like genera \emph{Aspergillus}, \emph{Candida}, \emph{Pneumocystis}, \emph{Saccharomyces} and \emph{Trichophyton}).}
\item{All ~15,000 previously accepted names of inckuded (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed}
\item{All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package and including everything would tremendously slow down our algorithms too. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant (sub)species are covered (like all species of \emph{Aspergillus}, \emph{Candida}, \emph{Pneumocystis}, \emph{Saccharomyces} and \emph{Trichophyton}).}
\item{All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed}
\item{The complete taxonomic tree of all included (sub)species: from kingdom to subspecies}
\item{The responsible author(s) and year of scientific publication}
@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms f
Included are:
\itemize{
\item{All ~55,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses}
\item{All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different species, of which most are not microbial. Including everything tremendously slows down our algortihms, and not all fungi fit the scope of this package. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant species are covered (like genera \emph{Aspergillus}, \emph{Candida}, \emph{Pneumocystis}, \emph{Saccharomyces} and \emph{Trichophyton}).}
\item{All ~15,000 previously accepted names of inckuded (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed}
\item{All ~3,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales and Schizosaccharomycetales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package and including everything would tremendously slow down our algorithms too. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant (sub)species are covered (like all species of \emph{Aspergillus}, \emph{Candida}, \emph{Pneumocystis}, \emph{Saccharomyces} and \emph{Trichophyton}).}
\item{All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed}
\item{The complete taxonomic tree of all included (sub)species: from kingdom to subspecies}
\item{The responsible author(s) and year of scientific publication}
In the table above, all measurements are shown in milliseconds (thousands of seconds). A value of 10 milliseconds means it can determine 100 input values per second. It case of 50 milliseconds, this is only 20 input values per second. The more an input value resembles a full name, the faster the result will be found. In case of `as.mo("B_STPHY_AUR")`, the input is already a valid MO code, so it only almost takes no time at all (`r as.integer(min(S.aureus$time, na.rm = TRUE) / 1000)` millionths of seconds).
That takes `r round(mean(M.leonicaptivi$time, na.rm = TRUE) / mean(S.aureus$time, na.rm = TRUE), 1)` times as much time on average! A value of 100 milliseconds means it can only determine ~10 different input values per second. We can conclude that looking up arbitrary codes of less prevalent microorganisms is the worst way to go, in terms of calculation performance:
@ -99,9 +99,9 @@ length(x)
n_distinct(x)
# now let's see:
run_it <- microbenchmark(X = mo_fullname(x),
run_it <- microbenchmark(mo_fullname(x),
times = 10)
print(run_it, unit = "ms")
print(run_it, unit = "ms", signif = 3)
```
So transforming 500,000 values (!) of `r n_distinct(x)` unique values only takes `r round(median(run_it$time, na.rm = TRUE) / 1e9, 2)` seconds (`r as.integer(median(run_it$time, na.rm = TRUE) / 1e6)` ms). You only lose time on your unique input values.
So going from `mo_fullname("Staphylococcus aureus")` to `"Staphylococcus aureus"` takes `r format(round(run_it %>% filter(expr == "C") %>% pull(time) %>% median() / 1e9, 4), scientific = FALSE)` seconds - it doesn't even start calculating *if the result would be the same as the expected resulting value*. That goes for all helper functions:
Of course, when running `mo_phylum("Firmicutes")` the function has zero knowledge about the actual microorganism, namely *S. aureus*. But since the result would be `"Firmicutes"` too, there is no point in calculating the result. And because this package 'knows' all phyla of all known bacteria (according to the Catalogue of Life), it can just return the initial value immediately.
@ -142,17 +142,19 @@ When the system language is non-English and supported by this `AMR` package, som
```{r}
mo_fullname("CoNS", language = "en") # or just mo_fullname("CoNS") on an English system
mo_fullname("CoNS", language = "fr") # or just mo_fullname("CoNS") on a French system
microbenchmark(en = mo_fullname("CoNS", language = "en"),
de = mo_fullname("CoNS", language = "de"),
nl = mo_fullname("CoNS", language = "nl"),
es = mo_fullname("CoNS", language = "es"),
it = mo_fullname("CoNS", language = "it"),
fr = mo_fullname("CoNS", language = "fr"),
pt = mo_fullname("CoNS", language = "pt"),
times = 10,
unit = "ms")
mo_fullname("CoNS", language = "es") # or just mo_fullname("CoNS") on a Spanish system
mo_fullname("CoNS", language = "nl") # or just mo_fullname("CoNS") on a Dutch system
run_it <- microbenchmark(en = mo_fullname("CoNS", language = "en"),
de = mo_fullname("CoNS", language = "de"),
nl = mo_fullname("CoNS", language = "nl"),
es = mo_fullname("CoNS", language = "es"),
it = mo_fullname("CoNS", language = "it"),
fr = mo_fullname("CoNS", language = "fr"),
pt = mo_fullname("CoNS", language = "pt"),
times = 10)
print(run_it, unit = "ms", signif = 4)
```
Currently supported are German, Dutch, Spanish, Italian, French and Portuguese.
